Practice Written multiplication
Written multiplication splits a calculation into partial products according to place value, then adds them.
It is useful when numbers are too large for mental arithmetic.
Exercises with solutions
Multiply the number digit by digit by the second factor and write the partial products offset below each other. With a two-digit factor you get two partial products; the second shifts one place to the left. Finally add them.
Exercise 1
Calculate 243 · 3.
Show solution and working
729
Ones: 3 · 3 = 9. Tens: 4 · 3 = 12, so 2 and carry 1. Hundreds: 2 · 3 + 1 = 7.
Exercise 2
Calculate 148 · 6.
Show solution and working
888
Ones: 8 · 6 = 48, so 8 and carry 4. Tens: 4 · 6 + 4 = 28, so 8 and carry 2. Hundreds: 1 · 6 + 2 = 8.
Exercise 3
Calculate 47 · 26.
Show solution and working
1,222
First 47 · 6 = 282. Then 47 · 2 = 94, shifted one place as 940. Together: 282 + 940 = 1,222.
Exercise 4
Calculate 305 · 24.
Show solution and working
7,320
305 · 4 = 1,220. 305 · 2 = 610, shifted as 6,100. Together: 1,220 + 6,100 = 7,320.
Common mistake
Not shifting the second partial product. In 47 · 26 the 940 belongs under the tens place, not the ones, otherwise the result is ten times too small. A zero inside the number is not a problem: 305 · 24 works the same way.
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